Quality of working life in health and social care during COVID-19

A mixed-methods study examining the quality of working life, wellbeing and coping strategies of health and social care workers in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key messages 

  • many health and social care workers reported poor mental health and wellbeing 
  • burnout and emotional exhaustion were widespread 
  • job insecurity and low pay contributed to stress and dissatisfaction 
  • staffing shortages increased workload and pressure on remaining staff 
  • workplace inclusivity influenced how workers experienced support during the pandemic. 

Policy implications 

  • workforce wellbeing should be a central focus of recovery planning 
  • addressing pay and staffing levels may reduce burnout 
  • inclusive workplace cultures can support resilience 
  • mental health support for staff remains essential beyond crisis periods. 

Gaps 

  • the study focuses on experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic 
  • challenges beyond the pandemic period are not directly examined 
  • findings rely on self-reported experiences 
  • longer-term workforce outcomes are not assessed. 

Commentary 
This study provides a detailed account of how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the working lives of health and social care staff. It documents high levels of burnout, declining mental wellbeing and the cumulative impact of sustained pressure during crisis conditions. Participants described how staffing shortages and job insecurity intensified workloads and reduced the capacity of services to meet demand. These pressures also affected morale and the ability of workers to provide the quality of care they aspired to deliver. 

From a care equity perspective, the findings highlight how workforce strain can deepen inequities within care systems. Workers in lower-paid or less secure roles faced greater exposure to stress and burnout, while service users experienced variable support depending on staffing levels and workforce stability. These dynamics risk reinforcing uneven experiences of care across settings. 

Overall, the study stresses the importance of workforce wellbeing as a foundation for equitable care. Addressing mental health, pay and staffing issues is essential not only for supporting workers, but for sustaining fair and reliable health and social care services in the longer term.

Aenean posuere tortor sed cursus

Morbi vestibulum volutpat enim. Suspendisse eu ligula.

Underserved populations

Unmet need, epistemic injustice and early death among Autistic adults

Analysis examining how social policies in England and Wales fail to address the needs of Autistic adults, focusing on barriers in health services and social care systems.

Underserved populations

Systemic safety inequities for people with learning disabilities

A study examining safety inequities experienced by people with learning disabilities in English health and social care, drawing on lived experiences from focus groups and patient feedback narratives.

Underserved populations

Solutions to reduce inequities in dementia diagnosis and care

A systematic review examining interventions designed to reduce inequities in dementia diagnosis and post-diagnostic care across multiple countries, focusing on individual, community and health system solutions.

Workforce

Newly qualified social workers and anti-racist practice in England

A qualitative study examining how newly qualified social workers in England experience and respond to racism in practice, and how social work education prepares them to challenge racism in health and social care contexts.

Underserved populations

Addressing inequalities in dementia diagnosis and care 

A national study exploring practical solutions to reduce inequalities in dementia diagnosis and care across England, drawing on workshops with people with dementia, carers, professionals and third sector organisations.

Underserved populations

Inequities in dementia services for Black and minoritised communities in the UK

A policy-focused review examining barriers to dementia care access for Black and minoritised communities in the UK, highlighting gaps between national policy ambitions and local service delivery.